Assignment Entrepreneurship and Business plan final piece...

FEEDBACK SHEET Table of Contents Coverseet 1 Table of Contents 4 1. Introduction: 5 2. Strengths: 5 2.1. Leadership 5 2.2. Internal locus of control: 5 2.3. Need for achievement 6 3. Weaknesses: 7 3.1. Risk-taker 7 3.2. Innovativeness 7 3.3. Proactivity 8 4. Conclusion: 9 References: 10 Personal reflection on entrepreneurial characteristics 1. Introduction: Over the years, several attempts have been made in explaining the term entrepreneurship. Surprisingly there is still no universally accepted definition. Meredith et al 1982, quoted by Kirby 2003 define entrepreneurs as â€Å"people who have the ability to see and evaluate business opportunities; to gather the necessary resources to take advantage of them; and to initiate†¦show more content†¦Some dominant cultural values and training encourage the need for achievement. Moreover, it is the inner drive of individuals that drives them to work more and to achieve something for their own interest by taking personal risk (McClelland, 1965). Although McClelland’s findings are important, there is no evidence if individuals actually perform better because of their higher need for achievement. There is no clear correlation between achievement motivation and the level of performance achieved (Littunen, 2000). Example: Over the last two years I have done two unpaid summer internships. My desire to gain a greater and more in depth understanding of the workplace has been rewarded with the essential experience I gained. As a result, I am more aware of the environment I will have to work in, I am more employable and I am now able to set myself more realistic goals for the future. 3. Weaknesses: 3.1. Risk-taker By the nature of their activities successful entrepreneurs have to be able to take calculated risks. Websters Third New International Dictionary (1961) quoted by Robert and Brockhaus (1980) defines an entrepreneur as the organizer of an economic venture, especially one who organizes, owns, manages, and assumes the risk of a business†. Knight (1921), quoted by Baum, Frese and Baron (2007), also supports that â€Å"entrepreneurs have a higher risk-taking propensity than other people because entrepreneurship is concerned with decision making under uncertainty†.Show MoreRelatedManagement and Mid-term Test1841 Words   |  8 PagesDepartment of Management, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship MGMT 100 Fundamentals of Management Course Outline – Semester One 2013; Course Co-ordinator; Herb de Vries Weekly schedule of lectures and tutorials There will be 12 weeks of 3 x 1 hour lectures per week, and 9 x 1 hour tutorials at scheduled times during the semester. The first tutorial starts on the week of 25 Feb. Teaching staff Lecturers: Tutors: Dr H.P. de Vries – weeks 1-3 10-12; Dr S. 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Pass 4 – Smart Targets / CV....................Read MoreStrategy Management18281 Words   |  74 Pages Strategic Management CONCEPTS CASES FRANK T. ROTHAERMEL Georgia Institute of Technology rot12737_fm_i-xlvi.indd iii 17/11/11 7:37 PM Confirming Pages STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTS AND CASES Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproducedRead MoreDebonairs Pizza Product-Market Expansion Growth Strategies27204 Words   |  109 PagesMASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA YEAR 1) COURSE AND ASSIGNMENT HANDBOOK JULY 2010 INTAKE Course and Assignment Handbook – July 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. WELCOME MESSAGE FROM PRINCIPAL INTRODUCTION TO MANCOSA THE MANCOSA MISSION OUR VISION MBA PROGRAMME STRUCTURE 5.1 Overall Programme Objectives 5.2 Programme focus 5.3 Module description and rationale PROGRAMME ADMINISTRATION 6.1 Programme Management 6.2 Programme registration 6.3 Registry and despatch 6.4 Finance 6.4.1 FeeRead MoreEntrepreneurship Development Life Cycle4463 Words   |  18 PagesEntrepreneurship Development – self prepared notes The Project Life Cycle refers to a logical sequence of activities to accomplish the project’s goals or objectives. Regardless of scope or complexity, any project goes through a series of stages during its life. There is first an Initiation or Birth phase, in which the outputs and critical success factors are defined, followed by a Planning phase, characterized by breaking down the project into smaller parts/tasks, an Execution phase, in which theRead MoreDescribe The Project Scope And Project Management Plan2615 Words   |  11 Pages Describe the project scope and project management plan. Align your plan to the overall strategy that you had recommended to the senior executives in Assignment 2. As a project manager, I will need to define the project scope no matter what methodology I choose to use. Defining project scope is the first step towards establishing a project timeline, setting project goals and allocating project resources. â€Å"Scope is the summation of all deliverables required as a part of the project. This includes

Compare and Contrast Autocratic and Democratic Leadership...

Autocratic leadership is a classical leadership style with the following characteristics: manager seeks to make as many decisions as possible, manager seeks to have the most authority and control in decision making, manager seeks to retain responsibility rather than utilise complete delegation , consultation with other colleagues in minimal and decision making becomes a solitary process managers are less concerned with investing their own leadership development, and prefer to simply work on the task at hand. Whereas Democratic Leadership is the leadership style that promotes the sharing of responsibility, the exercise of delegation and continual consultation. The style has the following characteristics: manager seeks consultation on all†¦show more content†¦Many leaders who start pursuing leadership development are often trying to improve upon their organisations autocratic leadership style. Each of these leadership styles has its own benefits (advantages) disadvantages and they are as follows: Advantages of autocratic leadership Style Advantages democratic leadership style Reduced stress due to increased control: where the manager ultimately has significant legal and personal responsibility for a project, it will comfort them and reduce their stress levels to know that they have control over their fate. Positive work environment: a culture where junior employees are given fair amount of responsibility and are allowed to challenge themselves is one where employees are more enthused to work and enjoy what they do. A more productive group ‘while the leader is watching’: the oversight that an autocratic manager exerts over a team improves their working speed and makes them less likely to slack. Successful initiatives: the process of consultation and feedback naturally results in better decision making and more effective operations. Improved logistics of operations: having one leader with heavy involvement in many areas makes it more likely that problems are spotted in advance and deadlines met. Creative thinking The free flow of ideas and positive work environment is the perfect catalyst for creative thinking. Faster decision making: when only one person makesShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles Of Captain William Bligh1076 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast the Leadership Styles of Captain William Bligh verses Lieutenant Fletcher Christian. The topic of leadership evokes curiosity about our leaders and their approaches in decision making, leadership styles and the effectiveness of their leadership. At time leaders are critiqued for their actions or views on different business affairs. In today’s working environment leaders set the tone, vision, and goals of any organization. Leadership has a huge impact on the culture of an organizationRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Captain William Bligh1075 Words   |  5 Pages Compare and Contrast the Leadership Styles of Captain William Bligh verses Lieutenant Fletcher Christian. The topic of leadership evokes curiosity about our leaders and their approaches in decision making, leadership styles and the effectiveness of their leadership. At time leaders are critiqued for their actions or views on different business affairs. In today’s working environment leaders set the tone, vision, and goals of any organization. Leadership has a huge impact on the culture of an organizationRead MoreLeadership Styles And Finding The Right One For You1235 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Styles and Finding the Right One for You There are many forms of leadership styles in the workplace. According to Gardner, â€Å"leadership is how one can persuade another to pursue the leaders or corporations goal or objective (Gardner, 1996). In this paper, I will explore and compare various leadership styles. Furthermore, I will determine what I believe are the most important aspects of the different leadership styles. In addition, I will identify what my leadership styles are alongRead MoreGetting Rid Of Willie Keepum753 Words   |  4 Pagesmost of the employees to act this way – poor leadership from the top. Even if Willie started with a fresh new group of workers, their attitudes and motivation would probably decline to the same extent as the current workforce – leaving Manny and the company in a similar situation. 2. Analyze Willie s management style and compare it to others that might be better. The management or leadership style that Willie uses is autocratic. The autocratic leader holds all power, authority, and controlRead MoreRoles And Responsibilities Of A Team Leader1666 Words   |  7 Pagesalways be the same. Leadership styles are different techniques/ways of leading a group or team. 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I feelRead MoreComparison of Leadership Styles for Cadbury and Kraft1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe pre hostile acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft Foods Compare and contrast the preferred styles of Irene Rosenfeld and Todd Stitzer in the context of the pre hostile acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft Foods. You should apply appropriate management and leadership theories to support your arguments. Consider first Irene Rosenfeld’s leadership Style. By referring to Hersey’s model of situational leadership model – adapted by JE Chamberlain from Mullins (2007:302) and Hersey et al (2000) followed onRead MoreCharacteristics Of Effective Leadership Styles2010 Words   |  9 PagesEffective Leadership Styles Presented to Perry Barton, Instructor MGMT-1115 Leadership By William Allen June 21, 2015 What are the effective leadership styles? More importantly what are the characteristics of these styles. This paper will discuss in detail three topics and how they relate to effective leadership styles. 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Motifs from Wild Swans free essay sample

Throughout the history of China, there have been many different controversial values and views. The book Wild Swans, By Jung Chang, is a perfect example of this. The story follows three generations of women on their journeys through a harsh and judging life; often we follow the author’s mother, who is constantly forced to choose between loyalty to her marriage and loyalty to the communists. Yet in all three generations each woman is faced with different marital issues. Through reading and analyzing Wild Swans, the reader is able to see many of the Chinese outlooks on marriage and loyalty- two of the most important motifs in the book. During the book, some views on marriage seem to change drastically, while many stay the same. When the author’s mother is preparing to be married, her own mother is appalled at the way it was to happen. â€Å"It was unheard of for a bride to walk to the bridegrooms house†¦ †¦for a woman to walk was a sign that she was worthless and that the man did not really want her. We will write a custom essay sample on Motifs from Wild Swans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ‘Who cares about all that stuff now’ said my mother as she tied up her bedroll† (129). Traditionally there was a set way that things had to happen during a wedding, but the communists wanted to ditch those traditions, leaving marriage as a less romantic thing. The man was supposed to ask the parents of the bride for permission to marry. However the two fiances did not do this, they did a somewhat similar act by attempting receive permission from the communists. â€Å"A man was standing there, and he handed my father a message from the provincial party committee. It said they could not get married yet† (130). This shows how the communist’s have all the control over the party member’s wedding, and later their marriage as well. Through these examples, you can see that marriage is a continuing theme in the book. Many times, the author’s mother questions her loyalty on her journey. The communists constantly force her to choose between her marriage and the revolution. â€Å"She was said to have put marriage first, when revolution should have had priority† (134). In this scene, the author’s mother breaks communist rules to be loyal to her husband and marriage. Sometimes though, she is forced to choose the revolution, like when her husband says, â€Å"You have a choice: you can either get into the car or get into the revolution, but not both† (143). Because she thinks it’s right, she chooses to walk instead of getting in the car with her husband to avoid more judgment from the communists. She wants to be seen as loyal to them. In these examples, you can see what a big role loyalty plays in her life and in the book. The opinions and beliefs of the people in the book differ a lot over time, and still continue to change. These different opinions commonly cause conflict throughout the country, and the world. It is easy to see through the struggles of the author’s mother that loyalty and marriage can be the biggest conflicts of all. The culture and politics of China clearly make a huge impact on the decisions people made during that time, and in this book you really get to see that.

Transcendentalism Essay Example For Students

Transcendentalism Essay Transcendentalism is the belief that matters of ultimate reality transcend, or go beyond, human experience. Transcendentalist thinking began during the American Renaissance with writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. However transcendental thinking did not begin with Thoreau and Emerson, but as Emerson called it, it is the very oldest of thoughts cast into the mold of these new times. Transcendentalism is based on the ancient philosophy of Idealism, which originates with Plato, a well-known philosopher from ancient Greece. Transcendentalism is an appropriate way of thinking for the period known as the American Renaissance because it puts one into a state of mind that is more conducive to creative writing and thought. Transcendentalism is a lot to swallow, especially for many people of that time. Herman Melville totally captured the common mans reaction to the whole concept when he said, what stuff all this is. It really takes a trained mind to grasp the concept of this spiritual world that Emerson describes. Many people do not believe in things that they cannot see, hear, touch, taste, or smell, so the extremely abstract concept of transcendentalism is totally out of their reach. However, for the people that can grasp this idea, it is very fulfilling. Transcendentalism makes people feel closer to God, in tune with nature, and gives a person a sense of self-worth. A major aspect of transcendental thinking is the individual defiance against the established orders of society. Henry David Thoreau conveys his feeling about this when he says; That government is best which governs not at all. He believes that the ineptitude of the political leaders far out-weighs the amount of good that they could do. He also states that They who have been bred in the school of politics fail now and always to face the facts. In this, he means that politicians ignore reality when it does not serve their purpose. This is true for modern times as all can see in the pre sent political situation of the United States. Politicians are ignoring reality to serve their own personal and partisan agendas. The transcendentalists even went as far as to set up their own communities, the most famous of which, Brook Farm. Brook Farm, a self-governing, experimental community, lasted only six years, (the longest of all the transcendental communities), is where many famous authors of the American Renaissance call home for a part of their lives, and is even the setting for Nathaniel Hawthornes Blithedale Romance. Hawthorne lived at the Farm for a little while, but left because he could not stand the highly intellectual and spiritual conversation. Brook Farm was a great outlet for these people to express their ideas and communicate with people who share those same beliefs without the fear of persecution by people that did not understand. We will write a custom essay on Transcendentalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The transcendentalist movement can and often is compared to another famous movement in American history, the hippie movement of the sixties. In many ways the hippies movement paralleled the transcendentalists, and the hippies even form their own little communities, like Brook Farm, called communes. Both of these movements were important to help shape thinking, writing, and social ideals. The transcendentalist movement brings to the table an increased awareness of the world around oneself, with and a commitment to the spiritual aspects therein, and the hippie movement in the sixties gives Americans an increased awareness of their fellow man, with and emphasis on freedom and love. The transcendentalist movement has many good aspects to it that if applied today, could still teach everyone a few things about themselves and their lives. Plato, Emerson, Thoreau, and many others really did have a level of intelligence that transcended their contemporaries and the generations and generations after them. .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 , .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .postImageUrl , .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 , .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:hover , .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:visited , .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:active { border:0!important; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:active , .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7 .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1024aca4a8a9da094ea88c37eeaf3d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Naked Sun EssayBibliography:

Legalization of Marijuana Research Paper Example

Legalization of Marijuana Paper Without his supervision and constant help, this dissertation would not have been possible. Special felicitations to our families, please do accept our cordial thanks for giving your warm encouragement, thoughtful guidance and supporting opinions which really helped us a lot. Last and above all, we praise God, for providing us the opportunity and granting us the capability to proceed successfully for this research paper. List of Tables I. Introduction 1. 1 Background of the study 1. 2 Statement of the problem 1. 3 Significance of the study 1. 4 Scope and Delimitation of the study II. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 2. 1 Review of related literature 2. 2 Review of related studies 2. 3 Conceptual framework 2. 4 Hypothesis 2. 5 Definition of terms II. Methodology 3. 1 Locale of the Study 3. 2 Sample size 3. 3 Data gathering tools 3. 4 Data gathering procedure IV. Presentation and Analysis of Data V. Conclusion IV- Results and Analysis This chapter will discuss about the results of the data gathering. In the first part of the survey, the respondents are asked about their demographic profile such as name, year and section. For the second part, the respondents here asked in their opinions if marijuana should be legal for medical use, if marijuana should be legalized for recreational use, if the respondents believe that war on drugs has been successful and if the respondents think that government efforts against marijuana should be increased. Lastly, for the third part, they would place marijuana in terms of its negative health effects on the human. Data Collection The people that have done the sunken were the some of the 3rd year students of Infant Jesus Interiors Center. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Marijuana specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Marijuana specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Marijuana specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The section involves Ill-Faraday and III- Diaphanous with a total of 22 respondents and 29 respondents each especially having a total population of 51 students as overall respondents. Data Analysis CLCconcede 0area and Section Table 1 . Survey questions and respondents answer. Questions Yes No 37 14 2. 36 3. Should marijuana be legal for medical use? Should marijuana be legalized for recreational use? 15 Do you believe that war on drugs has been successful? 10 41 4. DO you think that government efforts against marijuana should be increased? 21 30 Figure 1 . Percentage of the survey questions about marijuana. Majority of the respondents (15 votes, 29%) places marijuana in less than that f a sugar while the least place the respondents (9 votes, 1 would place marijuana is greater than that of alcohol as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Percentage of where would the respondents would place their marijuana. List of Figures Figure 1. 1 : Marijuana Leaves Marijuana Cigarette Figure 1. 2 Figure 1. 3 : Intake of Marijuana Experimental use Of Marijuana ABSTRACT Figure 1. 4 : Marijuana use and interpersonal violence are major public health problems. The present review examines the available empirical and theoretical literature on the relationship between marijuana and violence, including past heretical models, the link between marijuana use and interpersonal violence (including intimate partner violence), and the relationship between marijuana withdrawal and violence. While results from laboratory-based studies are inconclusive, results of cross-sectional and longitudinal research provide support for an association be;en marijuana use/withdrawal and various types of violence. Given the lack of empirical support for existing models, a new biophysically model of the marijuana-violence relationship is proposed. Examining methods to test this model and application of current endings to treatment are discussed. This paper will discuss the ethical issues and propose the righteousness of legalizing marijuana on the federal level, as a controlled substance, while taking two stances: (1 ) the benefits of legalizing marijuana far outweigh its risks, and (2) their inconsistencies in current legal policies governing marijuana in relation to more dangerous drugs, such as alcohol. I. INTRODUCTION What are the prevailing issues for and against legalization of marijuana? Just because something is illegal does not mean it is bad; likewise, if something is legal doesnt mean it is not bad. Unlike law which relies on oratory skills to defend an already-defined legal position ethics tries to esoterically determine what is right and wrong regardless of any law that may, or may not, already exist relating to the issue at hand. This paper will propose the righteousness of legalizing marijuana on the federal level as a controlled substance, while taking two Stances: (1) its benefits far outweigh associated risks, and (2) there are Inconsistencies in current legal policies with marijuana in relation to illegal drugs that are more dangerous as well as those that are legal, accepted, and readily available to he public. Specifically, this paper will compare marijuanas benefits and risks against those of the most common legal recreational drug currently in use today, alcohol. This paper will avoid discussing legalization of medical marijuana, as 12 states already allow its use for medicinal purposes, and there are currently over 2000 legitimate marijuana dispensaries across the nation. However, possession and use of marijuana are still illegal under federal law; and federal law trumps state laws every time. Due to the popularity and ongoing widespread, and historical use of marijuana, a new look should be given to its lace in society as a legal recreational drug alongside, or even replacing alcohol and tobacco. In order to fully appreciate marijuanas place in human society, one must first comprehend its prevalence as a medicinal and recreational drug. Marijuana was cultivated as far back as 5000 years ago. In ancient Chinese and Vivid cultures, it treated a wide range of ailments, including malaria and rheumatism (Silver, Ransom, Tillie, 2010). Pre-1 In addition to its recreational properties, hemp a by-product of the marijuana plant was a major cash crop used for clothing, fabric, and medicine. Both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew it, and drafts of the Declaration of Independence were written on hemp paper. Hemp production was mandatory and ordered grown for the United Kingdom (Silver et al. , 2010). With the rise of the 1840-1860 literary movement in France, marijuana gained in popularity as an intoxicant of the intellectual classes, due to claims of it stimulating ones imagination and creativity. In the United States, medical interest in marijuana use was evidenced in 1 860 by the convening of the Committee on Cannabis Indict of the Ohio State Medical Society, which ported on its therapeutic applications Schistose of, n. D. ). The Enslaving Years In 1 930, Harry Enslaving headed up the newly-formed Federal Bureau of Narcotics and crusaded to outlaw marijuana. Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act in July 1937 in response to pressure by Enslaving, who feared the use and spread of marijuana specifically by Mexicans (Musts, 1972). Enslaving enlisted the media and movie industries to further stigmatize marijuana. In 1938, the exploitation film Reefer Madness linked the use of marijuana by high school children to hit-and-run accidents, manslaughter, suicide, rape, and descent into madness (Reefer Madness, 2010). Engineers efforts to stigmatize marijuana were so successful that by the 1 asss, public fear of marijuana linked its use to government overthrow as well as to communism, Americas most-feared enemy of the time (Silver et al. , 2010). The New War on Drugs In 1 961 , the Single Convention Narcotic Treaty made production and supply of narcotic drugs an international crime. Nevertheless, marijuana regained its popularity and spawned the hippy subculture of the late sasss, who viewed marijuana as symbolizing Americas freedoms. Furthermore, the Vietnam War introduced marijuana to those who otherwise would not have used it our soldiers in Vietnam (Silver et al. , 2010). In 1 971 , President Richard Nixon declared war on drugs, calling it public enemy number one. He created the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEAD) and took a hard-line stance against drugs (Silver et al. , 2010). A decade later, President Ronald Reggaes administration continued the war on drugs when First Lady Nancy Reagan launched her Just Say No campaign (Silver et al. , 2010). This famous catch phrase soon became a mantra recited by elementary school children throughout the United States. President Bill Clinton vowed to keep up the fight against drugs, but was not as systematic as Reagan or Nixon. Consequently, the Mexican drug cartels became stronger during the Clinton years (Silver et al. , 2010). September 11, 2001 marked a new era in the fight against marijuana. The United States tightened its border policies upon President George Bushs declaration of war on terror. This effectively stifled importation of marijuana from Mexico. Consequently, the Mexican drug cartels turned to growing marijuana within United States borders rather than smuggling it across (Silver 1. Statement of the Problem This research paper seeks to determine the advantages of having marijuana here in the Philippines. Marijuana is the most common illicit drug used in the United States. After a period of decline in the last decade, its use has been increasing among young people since 2007, corresponding to a diminishing perception of the drugs risks that may be associated with increased public debate over the drugs legal status. Although the federal government considers marijuana a Schedule I substance (having no medicinal uses and high risk for abuse), two states have legalized marijuana for adult recreational SE, and 21 states have passed laws allowing its use as a treatment for certain medical conditions. However, in the Philippines, as the law stands today, marijuana is illegal. It is a dangerous drug and the selling/use of marijuana is a criminal offense. Soon it would be completely legal to use marijuana in the Philippines. That is, if Congress passes a proposed bill and President Benign Aquinas sign it into the law. On the matter of the possible legalization of marijuana, the researcher seeks to establish the answers to the following questions: 1 . What is the essence Of legalizing marijuana in the Philippines? . What are the benefits and risks associated with marijuana? 3. What are the effects of marijuana to an individual? 4. What are the prevailing issues for and against legalization of marijuana? 1. Significance of the Study Marijuana came into play with the scarcity of alcohol in the olden days. The use of the drug rose from there, and became a large problem in the Unites States. The united States is one of those countries that can immensely benefit from the legalization of Marijuana use. In the States, Marijuana is the most widely used controlled substance, and since the drug is used so often, why tot brew large amounts of money. Selling the drug and at the same time raising the economy of the county would be the perfect plan for the States to get out of the debt that surrounds them. The dealer of the drug would be closely monitored and would have a mandatory license; the government checking the crops for harmful fertilizers, that could make the customer seriously ill. Legalization of the drug would allow crime to be affected in a positive way. Illegal drug crimes consume police officers time, instead of dealing with larger, more serious problems that affect the county. A marijuana smoker is arrested every 45 seconds in Canada and the United States combined. Many Of these offenders receive small fines, and rarely get time in jail, due to the depleted amount of jail cells throughout the country. Legalizing marijuana would allow jail cells for criminals who have created actual crimes, and save money that is spent in prosecuting to inform the drug users about how to smoke responsibly. Illegal drug dealers would be out of business and drug smuggling would be reduced to an all time low. Many people think only crazy pitheads smoke marijuana, but they are wrong. Last year, about 10 million people smoked marijuana on a regular basis, even though many were true citizens who followed the laws. If the government were to regulate marijuana, they would easily be able to monitor the purchase and sale of the product; reducing drug abuse in the country and making smokers feel safe to smoke. One of the largest factors in legalizing the drug is that marijuana eases pain caused by AIDS, cancer and helps to cure glaucomas. Information from the National Cancer Institute, says that marijuana is good in blocking against nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite with chemotherapy patients. Marijuana can also ease muscle strain associated with multiple sclerosis. If marijuana is the only drug that effectively camouflages pain, there is no other choice but to legalize and use the drug. No person should have a say in this matter unless they have experienced the pain and suffering that the patients with cancer and AIDS have encountered due to their illness. Many people have a stereotypical image of marijuana being a bad, dirty drug, that will make you see delusional, but that is merely what children are told in health class to stay away from drugs, and that is what revolves around adults as well. Over 2000 people die yearly from the toxic effects of Aspirin, which is quite legal, and yet not a single being has died from the effects of marijuana and the substance has been banned. Legalizing marijuana would make a country cleaner, control pain, and smoking would be safer and in government restriction. Legalizing marijuana, is taking one step into making this world a better place to live, in the twentieth century. 1. Scope and Delimitation of the Study II. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Review of Related Literature Marijuana is formed from the dried leaves and flowering tops of the Indian MME plant Cannabis sati. Popularly known as grass, pot, reefer, and Mary Jane, marijuana is smoked or chewed for its intoxicating effect, and it has also been used as a sedative and analgesic. Hashish is formed from the resin of the flowering tops of the same plant, and it is five to eight times more potent than marijuana when smoked. The flowering tops of the Cannabis plant secrete a sticky resin that contains the active ingredient of marijuana, known as delta-9-dehydrogenations (TECH). The plant has both male and female forms, and the sticky flowers of the female plant are the most potent.

Rapheal, Marriage of a Virgin essays

Rapheal, Marriage of a Virgin essays c. In order to obtain a better understanding of this work, the artist, and the time period in which it was developed, it would be helpful to look at useful comparisons of both the work of this artist and other influential work that may have served as an inspiration to this particular piece. Raphael a very well known Renaissance painter was an artist who was able to combine the qualities of both Leonardo and Michelangelo to create art that had drama, richness, and an almost sculptural quality. In comparison to a piece created in 1507 named La Belle Jardiniere, The Marriage of the Virgin an earlier work has some remarkable similarities both literally and figuratively. The figures in both of his interpretations are executed in a similar manner. All of the characters are in their own unique poses. All of the figures seem to be painted in the same technique, solid having a distinct mass, and painted in such a way that resembles a sculpture. In addition to this Raphael has used a technique in both known as sfumato or smoke, which creates an almost atmospheric haze to the entire composition. The more significant similarity in my opinion is his use of a triangular or pyramid like focus in the three main characters in La Belle Jardiniere, and between the church, Mary and Joseph in The Marriage of the Virgin. With this particular idea in mind I would like to discuss another work by Pietro Perugino, The Delivery of the Keys. This particular work done in 1482 is so strikingly similar to The Marriage of the Virgin that in opinion there is no doubt that it was a key influence for Raphael in the development of this piece. This triangular focal device was adopted and used in nearly the exact same way as Perugino used it. In both works there are two forces one on the left, and one on the right, which are coming together to form a union with the church in the far background as the visual intersecting eleme ...

European Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European Political Economy - Essay Example For the purpose of research, I have used and analysed many literature reviews. The Lisbon Treaty was initially introduced to increase the coherence and the consistency of the external actions of the European Union. (The Lisbon Treaty) According to Langenhove (2008), the need for a treaty was felt after the last two enlargement processes of the EU in 2004 and 2007, whereby the member states increased from 15 to 27. The treaty consists of certain reforms that are aimed at making the European Union more democratic and efficient. The structural reforms of the EU, as Langenhove (2008) relates, consist of a new means of quantitative majority voting, a better distinction between the different competencies and an increased role for the national parliaments in the process of the co-decision when it comes to trading policies. Also it includes the idea that the European countries would be able to select their own president for the European Council. Lisbon Treaty is expected to affect the economic integration of the member states of the European Union. The external trade policy is one economic aspect that the treaty focuses on. According to Woolcock (2008) the external trade policy after the treaty would no longer be decided by mixed agreements or the individual national parliaments. Rather it would be a part of the EU’s external actions. The treaty also brings all the key aspects of the trade policy under the EU competence which means that the commission would be responsible for all the trade related policies. This power in the past was under the national parliaments. Woolcock (2008) argues that this would lead the member states to have unanimous decisions over the economic policies. The inclusion of the Foreign Direct Investment in the EU competence is also one of the major steps taken in the Lisbon Treaty which ensures that the member states will have a comprehensive approach to the trade and investment in the world

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Supply chain management - Essay Example Earlier, companies were individual entities that gained profit for itself and were based on specified strategy of their production programs, which was not necessarily connected to the external world. However, in the future, companies will either be trading partners where the companies are linked to selected partners through exchange program, or the companies will have integrated supply chain management, which can build relationship with customers and suppliers. Christopher (1998) found competition is not within firms but between the supply chains. The main difficulty is to develop SCM, which not only creates effective relationship with supplier and customers but also is transparent, definable, demonstrable, tangible and communicable for the involved parties. Organizations have been making use of collection of methods, tools, techniques and programs for SCM. Fisher (1997) found two distinctive approaches in supply chain - efficient supply chain and responsive supply chain. The applica tion of SCM improves efficiency of industries and the target is to improve competiveness and profitability (Ellram 1991; Cooper et al. 1997; Persson 1997; Christopher 1998; Mentzer 2001). 2. Supplier Partnerships Working with suppliers provides an opportunity to acquire high quality products and services. Additionally, long term loyalty can be developed. The concept of JIT becomes significant in this regard where the raw materials are delivered on need and not before. Deming (1986) claimed building long-term relationship with suppliers can ensure improved products delivery. For long term commitment, the organization needs to be involved and each party has to contribute to the process of production and manufacturing. The supplier and buyer both need to understand that ultimately the goal is to satisfy the customers and hence, the decision should be made as a team. Various types of sourcing are used for supplier partnership such as single sourcing and multiple sourcing. In case of mul tiple sourcing, the products are delivered through competition. Further, it also reduces the disruption of work. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa’s (1980) ten principles on supplier and buyer relationship include: 1. Customer and supplier are responsible for quality control. 2. Customer and supplier should respect the independence of other. 3. Supplier is entitled to get complete information from the customer. 4. The contract should be based on quality, price, quantity, method of delivery and payment terms. 5. Supplier should provide the quality desired by the customer to ensure satisfaction. 6. The quality should be determined through mutual consent. 7. The settlement of disputes should be made through agreement. 8. Frequent exchange of information should be promoted to improve the service or product quality. 9. The partner should be involved in procurement, inventory planning and production. 10. The interest of end users should be considered above all. In the case - NOSC has a proposal t o enter into ULV’s partnering agreement for office supplies; offering discounts between 50% and 70% will help to reduce total costs of acquisition of supplies. Additionally, it would provide daily deliveries of supplies to users. In return, ULV will use NOSC exclusively for the purchase of office supplies. It can be concluded the partnership is beneficial for both the parties. 3. Supplier Partnership

The Maasai Tribe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Maasai Tribe - Research Paper Example While in European culture, a house is spacious and is furnished with a whole range of furniture including wall units, tables, sofa sets, entertainment systems and modern utensils, the Maasai hut is small and scantily furnished (Spearand Waller, 1993). Lemalian’s hut has animal skins and hides that serve as the sitting mats. Furniture do not matter much to the Maasai, all they care about is their livestock. The Maasai believe that Ngai handed over the livestock to the Maasai ancestors. Wealth is measured based on the size of the herds of cattle that an individual owns in the Maasai culture. The Maasai believe that it is okay to invade and take away cattle from their neighbors (Spearand Waller, 1993), something that is unacceptable in European culture. This is because they believe that cattle are given to them by their god. Measurement of wealth in European culture quite much differs from the Maasai’s perception. Europeans measure wealth in terms of money and a wide range of assets. In stead of stealing from other communities, Europeans believe in hard work and entrepreneurship. Carola, a Swiss woman no wonder values her car and tries to create more wealth by establishing shop in the village. Female Circumcision There is a great contrast between the Maasai and Swedish culture in respect of the fact that the latter do not practice female circumcision even as the former embraces it without question. Women are forced, against their wishes, to undergo circumcision as is presented in Rohrbach’s (2005) The White Maasai. The age-old cultural practice greatly frustrates Carola who hates to be involved in it. Every woman in the Maasai community is expected to undergo circumcision. The ritual is conducted as an initiation to adulthood, the uncircumcised being considered children irrespective of their age and unfit for marriage (Spearand Waller, 1993). The practice is done using crude tools and is most painful an experience. Carola being a Swiss woman a nd already married without being circumcised is viewed as weak and unfit for praise in the community in spite of her hard work. Appreciating the women’s suffering during circumcision, she tries to make the community understand that subjecting women to such suffering is completely unwarranted. Her please land on deaf years, as circumcision roots back to prehistoric times according to the communities’ elders. Women’s and Men’s Duties Women and girls in Maasai community have a number of duties. Some of the duties include constructing the manyattas and huts, milking, fetching water and firewood, and harvesting calabashes and gourds according to (Spearand Waller, 1993). They also clean the gourds and decorate them using beads and leather. Men on the other hand have the main responsibility of herding livestock. Men are nurtured by women and greatly revered (Spencer, 2003). The girls and women are expected to remain submissive to their male counterparts and in f act have no say in the community’s activities. Women are expected to serve their husbands and other males even when it hurts in the Maasai community (Spencer, 2003). In fact, men are preferred to women in the Maasai community, not like in the Swedish culture where boys and girls are equally appreciated. This can be seen when Carola is forced to employ the chief’s lazy nephew in her shop. The uneducated boy has to be

A Marketing Plan For Lipton Ice Tea Marketing Essay

A Marketing Plan For Lipton Ice Tea Marketing Essay In 2005, the tea industry reached the $1.7 billion category and it is expected to continue growing indefinitely (Mintel 2005). Market analysts believe the tea industry will continue to boom and is not expected to reach saturation level in the near future. The favorable movement in the tea industry can be attributed to two major factors: a) consumers need for convenience and time-saving services; and b) the positive press given to tea. American lifestyle and work habits have made convenience a necessity. As employers demand for productivity from their employees, consumers are more pressed for time. In addition, the shaky economy has made Americans fear for their jobs; thus, any product that can fill the consumers need for convenience and speed are almost automatically embraced into the American lifestyle (Mintel 2005). For the last decade, the health benefits of tea have gained wide coverage in the media. Studies continue to show the beneficial properties of teas, with health benefits ranging from lower cholesterol levels to improve arterial health and decreasing chance of cancer. This positive press has definitely catapulted the demand for tea (Mintel 2005). Both the need for convenience and positive press on tea have spurred an increase in sales of tea products, specifically ready-to-drink (RTD) teas sold in single-serve containers (Mintel 2005). Recognizing this trend, various companies in the tea industry have come up with innovative products to take advantage of the booming market for ready-to-drink teas. Lipton tea, one of the global leaders in refreshment brands, launched new products to meet the growing the need for ready-to drink teas and introduced innovative product line to capture the health- conscious market. For over a century, Lipton has been dominating the world tea market with the companys tea-based drinks including leaf tea, infusions and ready-to-drink tea. Its success has been attributed to the firms strong focus on innovation and the expertise of its tea specialists- professionals in tea-growing, tasting, buying, blending and RD teams (Wikipedia 2007). One of the main driving forces for Liptons success is the companys source of tea. Lipton teas are sourced from various plantations in well-know tea-producing countries such as India, Indonesia, Kenya and Sri Lanka. It maintains specialized tasting rooms in seven regional located across the globe. Presently, Lipton has about 30 different tea blends (Wikipedia 2007). As Lipton is a part of the Unilever global consortium, the company ensures that its tea producing farms do not only yield high-quality product but also protect and improve the natural environment and livelihood of workers and local communities. Liptons plantations in East Africa have been working with third party estates to ensure compliance with Unilevers sustainable agriculture guidelines and the Ethical Tea Partnership criteria (Wikipedia 2007). As part of Lipton teas drive to capture the booming market for ready-to-drink teas, the Anglo-Dutch Unilever Company entered into a joint agreement with American PepsiCo in 2003. Through the joint venture agreement, PepsiCo distributes or markets Lipton tea products, specifically Lipton Ice Tea in more than 60 countries where PepsiCo has established its corporate presence (Wikipedia 2007). The 50-50 JV Pepsi Lipton International is the latest move in Unilevers Path to Growth strategy which has mostly involved the disposal of non-core businesses rather than support for existing brands (Unilever-PepsiCo 2003). In a press statement, Unilever announced that the joint agreement with PepsiCo has two main goals: to move the Lipton brand into new distribution channels and into new markets. While Unilever claims that Lipton is the leader in the 16-billion liter world market for ready-to- drink tea, its presence remains slim in a number of key markets; thus, the agreement with PepsiCo is expected to address such concern (Unilever-PepsiCo 2003). Unilever stated that the [50-50 JV Pepsi Lipton International] will target the white space markets where Lipton has no current presence and it is anticipated that significant business opportunities will come from the key high-potential markets where Pepsi is already strong (Unilever-PepsiCo 2003). PepsiCo is expected to build the sales of the Lipton ice tea in 60 countries including Brazil, Spain, Greece, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, Romania, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi and the six Gulf States. The Pepsi Lipton International venture is a logical expansion of an earlier collaboration between the two companies. The Pepsi Lipton Tea Partnership was set up by the two companies some 10 years ago to expand sales in the North American market, and is now firmly established as the leading RTD tea player in both the United States and Canada. With the aim of achieving a similar level of market dominance in the rest of the world, the latest joint venture will aim to leverage the strengths of both parents. It will principally sell ready-to-drink tea concentrate to franchise bottlers for distribution by Pepsi. As the worlds largest tea producer, Unilever will bring the brand, knowledge of the tea industry and a substantial research and development capability to the JV; Pepsi will contribute access to its extensive bottling and distribution network with strong customer relations (Unilever PepsiCo 2003). Customer Analysis There are two major target markets for ready-to-drink ice tea. One group is the consumers on the go. These are the employees, students, and other consumers who lead a busy lifestyle. The hectic American lifestyle demands for optimize productivity with lesser time- consumption. Thus, there is a need for products that are accessible and readily available. Convenience has dominated the market, particularly the food and beverage industry. The other group is made up of health conscious consumers, specifically the baby boomers who patronize anything healthy. The positive reviews as well as the studies on the benefits of tea drinking have stirred an interest in tea drinking. Representing about 10 percent of the world market for tea (Wikipedia 2007), Lipton ice tea is poised to improve its customer base through a joint agreement with PepsiCo and aggressive marketing strategy. Recent report (Winslow 2006) that the main factor for the improving market performance of Lipton ice tea is its health benefits. Consumers believe that tea is very good for the body; thus, it is more logical to drink more tea and less soda pop and other drinks. Consumers drink Lipton tea because of its beneficial effects to ones health. Consumers consider drinking Lipton as a healthy habit. The 100 percent Natural Tea and 150 mg of protective natural antioxidants has made Lipton tea a major participant in the global tea market. Many tea drinkers choose Lipton because it is really inexpensive and you can get it just about anywhere. It is surprising that more people do not drink tea, as they would longer, happier and healthier lives if they did (Winslow 2006). Furthermore, some customers think that taking anti-oxidants are healthy, thus, customers drink a couple of gallons per week: Tea makes you look younger too and gives you energy as well. You know it also costs a lot less to drink tea too, for 100 bags at $2.50 lasts you about 3- weeks. 2-quarts per day are possible when it is really hot out, of course it varies with the drinker (Winslow 2006). Recognizing that majority of Lipton ice teas consumers are the health-conscious and on- the-go drinkers, Lipton continues to develop its product lines to make it more convenient, accessible and health-appealing to consumers. Brand Analysis and Positioning Lipton ice tea is produced to make it great tasting and good for [consumers] because it is rich in protective antioxidants (Unilever 2007). Lipton ice tea is marketed globally as the perfect drink for active, healthy lifestyle (Unilever 2007). It is available in 16 oz plastic bottles with select flavors sold in six-pack cases. Flavors available are: Iced tea Sweetened Lightly sweetened iced tea Iced tea Unsweetened Tea with no sugar and no added flavors Iced tea with Lemon Sweetened iced tea with a twist of citrus flavor Iced tea with Raspberry Sweetened iced tea with raspberry flavor Iced tea with peach Sweetened iced tea with peach flavor Iced tea Diet Sweet Tea Lightly sweetened with Splendid and no calories Iced tea Diet Lemon Lightly sweetened with a hint of lemon Iced tea Extra Sweet Very sweet iced tea, marketed as Southern Style in some areas Half Half Half sweetened ice tea and half lemonade Diet green tea with Mixed Berry Mellow tea diet and lightly flavored with mixed berry (Wikipedia 2007; Unilever 2007). The packaging and marketing strategy for Lipton ice tea is a reflection of Unilevers thrust for consumer welfare and sustainable development. To meet the growing demand for ice tea, Lipton continues to develop new products through its research and development department. New flavors are being added to cater to changing and adventurous tastes of consumers. More importantly, the Unilever-PepsiCo ensures that Lipton ice tea continues to expand its niche in the global market. According to Patrick Cescau, director of Unilever Foods: We [Unilever] have a strong presence in the developing and emerging markets yet there is plenty of white space to move into. These markets are the next in our planned rollout and we see Pepsi as the best partner to help us achieve this. This new joint venture marks a truly significant step in the expansion of the brand, bringing it within the reach of many millions of new consumers.(Unilever PepsiCo 2003). Moreover the alliance between Unilever and PepsiCo is expected to enable Lipton to strengthen its global position. At the same time, we are rounding out our portfolio with a strategic partnership in one of the fastest growing beverage segments and providing consumers with Lipton, the world leader in tea. (Unilever PepsiCo 2003). Direct Competitor Analysis One of the major competitors for Lipton in the world ice tea market is Nestle Refreshment Company, maker of Nestea Ice Tea, well-known competitor for Lipton ice tea. Like Lipton-Unilever, Nestle Refreshment Company has forged agreement with another soda manufacturer, Coca Cola, to form the Coca Cola/Nestle Refreshment Company (Sturdivant 1992). Nestles alliance with Coca Cola has the same purpose as the Unilever PepsiCo joint agreement: global distribution. The strong presence of Coca Cola/Nestle ice tea in the United States and some parts of the globe remains a threat to the goals of Unilever PepsiCo to make Lipton the most dominant player in the global ice tea market. Coca Cola/Nestle has two major products: Nestea sweetened with natural lemon flavor and diet Nestea with natural lemon flavor. Both are available in 12 ounce cans and in 16 ounce wide mouth glass bottles. In addition to the cans and bottles, Nestea is available in refrigerated cartons (as in milk cartons) in the refrigerated sections of grocery stores and convenience stores. The tea is preservative free and made from a brewed product taken back down to a tea powder. While Nestle Coca Cola continues to develop the packaging and marketing strategies for Nestea Ice Tea, there are no recent announcements of impending new products or new flavors of ice tea to be developed soon. There is a limited flavor of Nestea Ice Tea which is basically the original ice tea flavor. The company has not shown interest to capture the emerging demand for healthy ready-to-drink ice tea products. This can be a good opportunity for Unilever PepsiCo to exploit. Lipton Ice Tea can continue to expand its market niche by capturing the growing market for healthy ready-to- drink ice tea. Unilever PepsiCo can exploit the limited flavors of Nestea Ice Tea. Recommendations/Conclusions: With the expected growth of the billion dollar ready-to-drink ice tea market, Lipton Ice Tea is poised to capture a bigger share of the market with an aggressive marketing strategy: from packaging to advertising. Short Term Goals: Improve market presence by 20% Short-Term Objectives 1) Aggressive Marketing Strategy Unilever can take advantage of the positive press on the health benefits of tea to boost the sales of its ice tea product line. The company can use recent studies on the health benefits of tea as the basis of its press releases and advertising campaigns. 2) Improve Packaging Currently, the Lipton Ice Tea are available globally in two sizes: the 16-oz bottle and 2 liter bottle. Unilever can come up with other packaging sizes to ensure that consumers will have other choices and that Lipton Ice Tea will be easily and readily available to consumers. 3) Improve Shelf Presence Unilever PepsiCo can make a deal with retailers ensure retail shelf space and prominent positioning for Lipton Ice Tea. Although an average shopper may not notice what brands are positioned in prominent places on shelves or how much room is allotted to each manufacturer, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shelf space and positioning as make or break factors in introducing new products (Sturdivant 1992). Long-Term Goals: World Number One ready-to-drink ice tea Long-Term Objectives: 4) Product Innovation Unilever PepsiCo must continue its innovative research and development strategy to come up with new flavors and products. Unilever has extensive research facilities on product improvement. The company can use its resources and professional expertise to come up with new flavors that will suit the continuous demand for healthy ready-to-drink ice tea. With aggressive marketing strategy and product positioning, Lipton Ice Tea is poised to take the global lead in ready-to-drink ice tea industry.

Business Report Essays -- Business and Management Studies

This report is to show Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor the problems of their business in more detail than the report give (case study). I will outline and investigate further into the following matters: Growth Performance Management REPORT- SOFTWEAR SYSTEMS Executive Summery In this report I have given a lot of research into the relevant subjects. I think that the way I have looked at the possibilities will help Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor overcome some of the obstacles in their organisation in order to make there business successful. Suggestions on what you should be specifically looking at in order to make your business a success, in my view would be the try to improve employee attitudes and training for employees. I think I have covered all the points that you have given me in depth if I have not apologies on my behalf. Introduction- Aims of the Report The aim of this report is to show Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor the problems of their business in more detail than the report give (case study). I will outline and investigate further into the following matters: * Growth * Performance Management * Performance Appraisal Systems and Motivation * Motivation * Rewards * Employee Turnover/Retention * Training and Development * Communication Growth To consider the growth of Brian and Helens company, we will look need to examine into the PEST (Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for this company, this will help us identify if the company should continue to grow. By understanding about the SWOT and PEST analysis this will show us key information and help us identify some of the problems with the business. SWOT Analysis: SWOT Analysis is a very effective way of identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats you face. Carrying out an analysis using the SWOT framework helps you to focus your activities into areas where you are strong and where the greatest opportunities lie. SWOT Analysis is a strategic method for identifying your businesses' Strengths and Weaknesses, and to examine the Opportunities and Threats. These are just some of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats there may be more if you feel that there are, pleases do not hesitate to call me w... ...owledge. You should also try to offer recognised qualifications. * Communication- look at Appendix 2 I recommend that you try to bring in the process of complete network communication. There are numerous factors that help conclude an organisation’s ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organisation among its employees/members, one of these factors includes attaining an organisational communication process through effective communication skills. References Recommend looking at this text: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: INDVIDUALS, GROUPS AND THE ORGANISATION I. Brooks (1999) 1st Ed, Pub: Financial Times HUMAN RESOURCE STRATAGIES Salman, (1998) Pub: The Open University MANAGING PEOPLE R. Tompson, 2nd Ed, Pub: Institute of Management ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: A MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE G.B.Northcroft & M.A.Neale (1990), Pub: Ronda Colour PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT GA Cole, 4th Ed (1997), Pub: Ashford Colour Press MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES J. Weightman, 2nd Ed, (1996), Pub: Cromwell Press The following Web-Sites are useful also: www.bized.com www.hrmang.co.uk www.humanrecourses.co.uk/text/hrissues www.resourcemanage.co.uk Business Report Essays -- Business and Management Studies This report is to show Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor the problems of their business in more detail than the report give (case study). I will outline and investigate further into the following matters: Growth Performance Management REPORT- SOFTWEAR SYSTEMS Executive Summery In this report I have given a lot of research into the relevant subjects. I think that the way I have looked at the possibilities will help Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor overcome some of the obstacles in their organisation in order to make there business successful. Suggestions on what you should be specifically looking at in order to make your business a success, in my view would be the try to improve employee attitudes and training for employees. I think I have covered all the points that you have given me in depth if I have not apologies on my behalf. Introduction- Aims of the Report The aim of this report is to show Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor the problems of their business in more detail than the report give (case study). I will outline and investigate further into the following matters: * Growth * Performance Management * Performance Appraisal Systems and Motivation * Motivation * Rewards * Employee Turnover/Retention * Training and Development * Communication Growth To consider the growth of Brian and Helens company, we will look need to examine into the PEST (Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for this company, this will help us identify if the company should continue to grow. By understanding about the SWOT and PEST analysis this will show us key information and help us identify some of the problems with the business. SWOT Analysis: SWOT Analysis is a very effective way of identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats you face. Carrying out an analysis using the SWOT framework helps you to focus your activities into areas where you are strong and where the greatest opportunities lie. SWOT Analysis is a strategic method for identifying your businesses' Strengths and Weaknesses, and to examine the Opportunities and Threats. These are just some of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats there may be more if you feel that there are, pleases do not hesitate to call me w... ...owledge. You should also try to offer recognised qualifications. * Communication- look at Appendix 2 I recommend that you try to bring in the process of complete network communication. There are numerous factors that help conclude an organisation’s ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organisation among its employees/members, one of these factors includes attaining an organisational communication process through effective communication skills. References Recommend looking at this text: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: INDVIDUALS, GROUPS AND THE ORGANISATION I. Brooks (1999) 1st Ed, Pub: Financial Times HUMAN RESOURCE STRATAGIES Salman, (1998) Pub: The Open University MANAGING PEOPLE R. Tompson, 2nd Ed, Pub: Institute of Management ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: A MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE G.B.Northcroft & M.A.Neale (1990), Pub: Ronda Colour PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT GA Cole, 4th Ed (1997), Pub: Ashford Colour Press MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES J. Weightman, 2nd Ed, (1996), Pub: Cromwell Press The following Web-Sites are useful also: www.bized.com www.hrmang.co.uk www.humanrecourses.co.uk/text/hrissues www.resourcemanage.co.uk

Anticipitory Socialization

The shaping of my role as being the future leader for the Hawaii Papua Riders has been an anticipatory colonization experience during early onset of my life-span development. â€Å"Anticipatory colonization,† Is the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles. The pungent smell of morning dew fills my lungs up with the essence of the earth, the cool breeze that gently touches my face, and the neighing of horses has been embedded in my fond memories as a young girl.Growing up on our ranch in Womanly, my grandparents were the one's who instilled a passion of tending and riding horses. I would be at our family ranch before the sun came up and TLD leave until sunset during my summers as a child. My grandfather John M. Cook and grandmother Lit L. Cook were the founders of the Hawaii Papua Riders in 1982, until the year of 2003 of my grandmother's passing. Currently my mother Leila K. Cook carries on the legacy my grandmother upheld, and is now the head of Haw aii Papua Riders as its second generation.Being my mothers daughter I will someday need to carry on these duties as the third enervation equestrian chairperson of the Hall Papua Riders. The Hawaii Papua Riders participate In yearly events that mark an Importance In Hawaiian culture. Events which include the Aloha Festival Parade, Jackhammer Day Parade, and other engagements that the community associates their reverence and respect for the Papua tradition. Hawaii Papua riding is a sense and practice of Hawaiian tradition fitted for Alit, or royalty, which is a lengthy piece of fabric worn to protect their wardrobe while riding on horseback held by Just six UK' nuts.The practice of preparing the horse or each rider, and the wrapping of fabric around the Papua rider has been the focal point Into the art of the royal Hawaiian tradition. Now days, Pap Rolling symbolizes horsemanship, aloha, and beauty of each Hawaiian island, for each island has its own specific color, flower, and repres entation. My grandparents taught me how to saddle the horses properly and securely while maintaining the comfort level for the horse.The preparation of saddling ones horse is a complex process, yet also a crucial one, as It ensures the safety for not only the horse, but for the Papua rider and bystanders. My grandmother would tell me often that safety comes first: no matter what the instance is, because an issue can stir in the midst of a parade ride at a moment's haste, so taking precaution to the welfare of the horse and it's rider is top priority before, during, and after each Papua event. The importance in the relationship between the Papua rider and their horse is also crucial to the accordance of each parade or event.The rider must be confident and comfortable riding their horse, as to avoid Injury to the rider or bystanders. The horse must be confident and imposture through a chaotic environment that a typical parade or event encompasses. Greeting and portraying a Papua rider appearance at all times during the course of the event is a daunting task, as there is a certain procedure to seating position, body posture, and gestures while keeping the Papua fabric taut and the floral arrangement on the Papua rider's neck and head from disarray.I would spend hours practicing to perfect the Papua rider appearance, so that one day I can teach prospective Papua riders the correct and traditional way that has been handed down since the early beginnings of the Papua tradition. Learning from a young age about the necessary responsibilities and comprehensive knowledge of the Hawaii Papua Riders, as well as refining my horsemanship skills, gives me confidence in my ability to uphold my future role within the Papua community.My mother has devoted herself in continuing the perpetuation of the Hawaii Pap equestrian tradition, and I too will continue to keep the Papua tradition alive, being the successor to my mother as a third generation Cook leading the Hawaii Papua Rid ers. But until that time comes, I will continue on this anticipatory colonization path right beside my mother, as a constant minder to myself that someday soon, all this responsibility and task will be the roles as well as standers I will have to uphold someday.From a symbolic interactions perspective, having the opportunity to be able to interact with horses, and family members who are accustomed to Papua riding tradition, has culturally assimilated me to the lifestyle of a Papua rider. With Symbolic interactions, reality is seen as social developed interaction with others. My family members are one's that I could trust, and as a young girl, I was engaged in mirroring their actions, beliefs, and aloes, because I wanted to make my family, and on a broader perspective, the Papua community see the elegance of Papua.The interaction with my family members who have the passion for horseback riding, and also the dedication to perpetuating a royal Hawaiian tradition in respect to the cultu re I identify myself as is the symbolism to my predisposition to my future role as being a third generation Cook family member to one day lead the Hawaii Papua Riders. Most symbolic interactions believe a physical reality does indeed exist by an individual's social definitions, and that social definitions do develop in part or relation to something â€Å"real. As my grandparents and mother interacted with me by teaching me how to ride a horse, how to saddle a horse, listening to stories about their own Papua riding experience has shaped my reality in being accustomed to those ways as my way of living within my own family dynamic. The emphasis on symbols, negotiated meaning, and social construction of society brought on attention to the roles people play. As a child, I did not see the connection of my horsemanship interactions would lead me to being competent in my future role as head of the Hawaii Papua Riders.Role-taking is a key mechanism that permits people to see another person 's perspective to understand what an action might mean to another person. Through the symbolic interactions perspective, it is clear that my everyday involvement with the horses and my primary support group affiliated with the Papua community would have a major impact to who I am, how I see myself, and who I identify myself as within my own family and community on a systems level. So as I continue to stand beside my mother, I know my time will someday come and I will be the third generation of leading and Chairperson of the â€Å"Hawaii Papua Riders†.

Resume and LinkedIn Trends - Brenda Bernstein Radio Blog!

Resume and LinkedIn Trends - Brenda Bernstein Radio Blog! In part due to my hiring a publicist a couple of months ago, I have been appearing frequently on radio programs around Wisconsin and Chicago. I was also interviewed by a program out in Massachusetts. I thought that rather than write an article this week, I would offer you the opportunity to listen in on some of my interviews. They cover topics ranging from resumes to LinkedIn profiles to college essays. Enjoy! And dont forget I will be interviewed for a full hour on December 10 on Wisconsin Public Radio! The Digital Insider (Topic: LinkedIn) document.createElement('audio'); https://theessayexpert.com/media/the_digital_insider.mp3 WGN (Chicago) Bill Leff Show (Topic: Resume Trends) I really like this one! https://media.wgnradio.com/media/mp3file/2012-10/wgnam-leff-tips-to-make-your-resume-and-cover-letter-stand-out-theessayexpert-222230740-02031552.mp3 Milwaukee Public Radio Lake Effect (Topics: Resumes, Cover Letters, LinkedIn and More!) https://www.wuwm.com/media/lake_effect/le_110212170354_1.mp3 Outside the Box with Mitch Henck (Topic: LinkedIn) (Starts at 2:34.)

Definition of Impressment of Sailors

Definition of Impressment of Sailors Impressment of sailors was the practice of Britains Royal Navy of sending officers to board American ships, inspect the crew, and seize sailors accused of being deserters from British ships. Incidents of impressment are often cited as one of the causes of the War of 1812. And while it is true that impressment happened on a regular basis in the first decade of the 19th century, the practice was not always viewed as a terribly serious problem. It was widely known that large numbers of British sailors did desert from British warships, often because of the severe discipline and miserable conditions endured by seamen in the Royal Navy. Many of the British deserters found work on American merchant ships. So the British actually had a good case to make when they claimed that American ships harbored their deserters. Such movement of sailors was often taken for granted. However, one particular episode, the Chesapeake and Leopard affair, in which an American ship was boarded and then attacked by a British ship in 1807, created widespread outrage in the United States. The impressment of sailors was definitely one of the causes of the War of 1812. But it also was part of a pattern in which the young American nation felt like it was constantly being treated with contempt by the British. A press gang of the Royal Navy at work. Getty Images   History of Impressment Britains Royal Navy, which constantly needed many recruits to man its ships, long had a practiced of using press gangs to forcibly recruit sailors. The working of the press gangs were notorious: typically a group of sailors would go forth into a town, find drunken men in taverns, and essentially kidnap them and force them to work on British warships. The discipline on the ships was often brutal. Punishment for even minor violations of naval discipline included flogging. The pay in the Royal Navy was meager, and men were often cheated out of it. And in the early years of the 19th century, with Britain engaged in a seemingly endless war against Napoleons France, sailors were told that their enlistments never ended. Faced with those horrendous conditions, there was a great desire for British sailors to desert. When they could find a chance, theyd leave the British warship and find escape by finding a job aboard an American merchant ship, or even a ship in the U.S. Navy. If a British warship came alongside an American ship in the early years of the 19th century, there was a very good chance that British officers, if they boarded the American vessel, would find deserters from the Royal Navy. And the act of impressment, or seizing of those men, was seen as a perfectly normal activity by the British. And most American officers accepted the seizing of these fugitive sailors and did not make a major issue out of it. The Chesapeake and Leopard Affair In the early years of the 19th century the young American government often felt that the British government paid it little or no respect, and really did not take American independence seriously. Indeed, some political figures in Britain assumed, or even hoped, that the United States government would fail. An incident off the coast of Virginia in 1807 created a crisis between the two nations. The British stationed a squadron of warships off the American coast, with the purpose of capturing some French ships which had put into port in Annapolis, Maryland, for repairs. On June 22, 1807, about 15 miles off the Virginia coast, the 50-gun British warship HMS Leopard hailed the USS Chesapeake, a frigate carrying 36 guns. A British lieutenant boarded the Chesapeake, and demanded that the American commander, Captain James Barron, muster his crew so the British could look for deserters. Capt. Barron refused to have his crew inspected. The British officer returned to his ship. The British commander of the Leopard, Captain Salusbury Humphreys, was furious and had his gunners fire three broadsides into the American ship. Three American sailors were killed and 18 were wounded. Caught unprepared by the attack, the American ship surrendered, and the British returned to the Chesapeake, inspected the crew, and seized four sailors. One of them was actually a British deserter, and he was later executed by the British at their naval base at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The other three men were held by the British and finally released five years later. Americans Were Outraged When news of the violent confrontation reached shore and began to appear in newspaper stories, Americans were outraged. A number of politicians urged President Thomas Jefferson to declare war on Britain. Jefferson chose not to enter a war, as he knew that the United States was not in a position to defend itself against the much more powerful Royal Navy. As a way of retaliating against the British, Jefferson came up with the idea of imposing an embargo on British goods. The embargo turned out to be a disaster, and Jefferson faced many problems over it, including New England states threatening to secede from the Union. Impressment As a Cause of the War of 1812 The issue of impressment, by itself, was not cause for war, even after the Leopard and Chesapeake incident. But impressment was one of the reasons given for the war by the War Hawks, who at times shouted the slogan Free Trade and Sailors Rights.

The role of using first language and translation in young learners Essay

The role of using first language and translation in young learners classes - Essay Example The paper tells that the most appropriate way to teach English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a source of primary scholarly debate. Recently, more attention has been given to the use of translation and the native language (L1) in communicative English Language Teaching (ELT). Most of the theories inform us that young children's language development is influenced by many factors, including using their first language to explain concepts and express abstract reasoning. This is due to the presence of what some researchers call the cognitive window of development. This is often used in cognitive learning in association with the development of self-motivational strategies in children who are learning to use cognitive learning skills that focus on self-efficacy. Planning and goal-setting are involved with what is perceived by many to be an increasing amount of self-regulation in children who succeed in forming self-regulating meta-cognitive processes as they grow older through early to middle childhood (ages 7-12). This theory can exist comfortably alongside theories of the cognitive window, as these self-regulation methods also help children to assimilate knowledge, not intuitively through a window of cognitive functioning, but structurally in terms of cognitive awareness of the expectations of others in the learning process. This theory pertains directly to middle childhood, which is an age range that is currently and actively taking ESL in Oman.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Essay

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - Essay Example the articles of the declaration embodied the absolute rights of an individual. Initially there was also a list of duties which every individual had to perform but after a while the people who framed the Declaration removed them from the list. The articles promise the individuals of freedom, their own piece of private property, social security and immunity from cruelty. The Declaration also promised freedom of speech and freedom of the media and press. The emphasis of the Declaration was on the equal treatment of all individuals and their independence. It stated that the law should be based on the citizens of the country and the officials should be answerable to them as well. The finances of the country should also be in the hand of the citizens. A number of articles of the Declaration were directed at the unfairness of the ancient regime and how it abused the rights and interests of the individuals. Liberalism in the 19th century was deeply affected by the Declaration of the Rights o f Man and Citizen. However the Declaration did not seem to have any provisions regarding women or slaves. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen helped in changing the government of France from monarchy- where only the queen and the king had all the power and the power passed down the generations and new leaders were not elected- to republic where all the citizens had basic rights and also the right to vote and elect their own leaders. The Declaration gave rights to citizens which were never granted anywhere in France before like equality, liberty and property. It also led to the constitution of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen. The United States Declaration of Independence of 1176 had Thomas Jeffery as one of its main writers and at the time the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was being drafted, he was present in France and was in contact with the authors of the

The Role of Human Resource in the Success of an Organization Essay

The Role of Human Resource in the Success of an Organization - Essay Example They were treated with less concern and still the focus of human resource were on improving the methodologies of production by focusing on skills of workers and how they will be able to accomplish their tasks in relation to their job. Other factors that affects effectiveness of worker i.e. interest and career growth, were of less consequence as measure of organizational effectiveness. As more studies were conducted to determine secrets of effective management, more theories and findings were identified and more books were written that give precedence to the significance of behavioral factors in the success of managing organizations or developing teams to accomplish organizational objectives. Total Quality Management, for one covers several aspects of management. It applies to the quality of the strategic thinking exhibited by executives, the quality of the firm’s ethics or company beliefs, the quality of training, the quality of technology management, and to the quality of communications2. It encompasses everything. If you’ll look at it, it significantly stresses higher concern on the human resource factor and it is way beyond the original concept of how industry looks at the role of HR to the effective management. Now, HR is an integral part of management and plays significant part in the success of the organization. They became a partner of the management team and perform more than personnel management or office records management. HR became not only as a mother figure in a commercial company, who talks and handles grievances of employees but also, they play a role in decision-making, policy development and implementation of the company’s aspirations and beliefs.

Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Exam Study Guide Essay Attitude is determined by beliefs on performance of the attribute and importance of that attribute To change their attitude on a brand/competing brand change their belief on attribute and their perception of the value of that attribute and add a new attribute to the mix. Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning vs. Psychoanalytic Research Classical Conditioning (Association) using an unconditioned stimulus to generate an unconditioned response which eventually becomes a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus Pavlov’s Dog Operant Conditioning (Instrumental) behavior is followed by a positive or negative consequence which determines probability of behavior reoccurring Use positive reinforcement to encourage behavior Psychoanalytic Research (Freud) motivation to purchase is determined deep in subconscious mind Need qualitative research- in depth interviews, focus groups, etc. Source Attributes Power Ability to reward or punish recipient through their perception of source’s power based on recipients perceived control/scrunity/concern of the source over them Can induce to respond to their position Credibility Expertise (experience,skill) trustworthiness (honest) Attractiveness Similarity btwn source and recipient Familiarity through repeat exposure Likeability through affection for source caused by looks/behavior/traits Elaboration Likelihood Model Ways consumers change/form attitudes in response to persuasive messages Routes to attitude change Central highly motivated/able to process message, pays close attention Peripheral less motivated/able to process message, pays attention to peripheral cues not message Ex. An attractive endorser Meaning Transfer Model Celebrity effectiveness as endorser dependent on meaning culture has associated with them and how they are brought into the endorsement process Ex. Status, class, age Stage 1: Culture Objects/persons/context popular to culture transferred into meaning associated with popular celebrity Stage 2: Endorsement Cultural meaning of celebrity Celebrity transferred onto Product Stage 3: Consumption Product is consumed by consumer transfer meaning of product onto consumer Consumer Decision Rules Simplified Heuristics rule of thumb used to make quick decision Affect Referral Decision Rule overall impression instead of detailed comparison Non- Compensatory short cut to making a choice, a product with low standing on one attribute can’t compensate by being better on another attribute and is eliminated Compensatory allow product to make up for lack on one attribute by being better at another Response Hierarchies Traditional Hierarchy of Effects Alternative Response Hierarchy FCB Planning Model Traditional Hierarchy of Effects Model Stage 1: Cognitive Stage (Learn) Awareness Knowledge Stage 2: Affective Stage (Feel) Liking Preference Conviction Stage 3: Behavioral Stage (Do) Purchase Alternative Response Hierarchies Based on level of involvement in purchase and perceived level of differences in alternatives Learning Model High involvement, high differentiation- learn then develop attitudes then behave based on Cognitive (learn) Affective (feel) Conative (do, action) Dissonance/Attribution Model High involvement, low differentiation- behave first then develop attitudes then learn/process the behavior Conative(do) Affective (feel) Cognitive (learn) Low Involvement Model Low involvement, both high and low differentiation- learn first, then behave, then develop attitude Cognitive (learn) Conative (do) Affective (feel)

Dealing with Transformation in The Metamorphosis Essay -- Papers

Dealing with Transformation in The Metamorphosis In The Metamorphosis Gregor Samsa is forced to deal with his transformation from a human being into an insect. After his transformation Gregor is no longer able to do everyday ordinary things. He now has to depend on someone to do these things for him. His younger sister, Grete, makes herself responsible for Gregor. She takes it upon herself to make sure that Gregor is fed and his room is cleaned. This leads to the question; why does she place such a huge responsibility on herself? An optimist like Gregor who only sees the good side of people would say it is because she is a loving and caring person. That her brother’s current condition makes her feel sorry for him and she wants to help him in any way possible. However a pessimist would see an ulterior motive to his sisters’ actions. Since the narrator of the story is Gregor the reader is introduced to Grete through the optimist’s point of view. Gregor portrays Grete as a nurturing and caring person who se actions are solely based on what is best for Gregor. However, what if the narrator was not Gregor but a neutral person who had no prior relationship to Grete? Would Grete’s motives for helping Gregor appear to be purely unselfish? There are many points in the story that the reader is left with the feeling that Grete might have ulterior motives. If the narrator were an impartial character Grete’s intentions would not appear to be so pure. Grete’s motives from the beginning of the story are questionable. Why does she make herself responsible for Gregor? Gregor believes that she â€Å"had perhaps taken on so difficult a task merely out of childish thoughtlessness† (100). However there is another .. ...ghout the novel. Gregor throughout the book constantly misreads his sister’s actions and misinterprets her motives. Since the story is told through Gregor’s point of view we perceive Grete through most of the novel as someone who is unselfish and helpful. However at the end we find ourselves wondering if Grete’s intentions are really as pure as Gregor thinks. Did Grete plan from the beginning to get rid of Gregor? The truth is once Gregor was out of the picture Grete became the needed and helpful child. Grete had a lot to gain and nothing to lose by getting rid of Gregor. Gregor is not impartial when it comes to his sister and he is unable to perceive her bad intentions because he thinks so highly of her. Therefore it can be said that if the narrator of the story was a detached character Grete would not appear to be so harmless and innocent.

Cross-cultural Communication Essay

Language is playing nowadays one of the most important roles in cross-cultural communication, because it is a door into new culture and traditions. Cross-cultural communication arouses great interest compared with that of several decades ago. It means that the future success of a person mainly depends on his ability to use language and to communicate effectively across cultural boundaries. Nevertheless learning other languages doesn’t limit cross-cultural communication, language firstly suggests how cultural traditions and patterns are understood and how cultural values may affect the process of communication. (Managing Communication) Learning other languages is nowadays necessity, not only an option. Lots of spheres are influenced by cross-cultural communication involving, for example, health care providers, businesses, educational institutions, social service agencies and non-governmental organizations. Modern world recognizes and appreciates the role of language that is played in developing communication beyond cultural boundaries. Studying of language will help to achieve goals outside the native country. (Managing Communication) Understanding how to communicate cross-culturally will help to promote creating smoothly working project teams; responding to customers, clients, and markets; living and working in a culturally diverse world. Language is necessary in realizing that a person from other culture expresses his ideas and thoughts in completely different way. It is mentioned that â€Å"developing an awareness of why hearing words alone is not sufficient to discern meaning†. Language is important as well as learning of cultural customs and traditions of the country. In a modern swiftly changing world people and cultures are circulating and interacting as at a really dizzying speed. Those people who know how to use language and how to communicate effectively across cultures have a crucial advantage over others. (Managing Communication) Language in cross-cultural communication is aimed at preserving the traditions of ancient cultures as well as existing ones. For example, it is necessary to mention the kabary dialect based on â€Å"unhurried telling of ancestral proverbs, metaphors, and riddles, frequently in a dialogue using call and response†. Kabary is a form of traditional Malagasy oratory and it is seen that oral language may be the only way for some populations to preserve their cultural traditions. In this case language represents different manners of speech and increases literacy rate. Kabary is an important element in communication during ritual events. However, it is still used in regular, day-to-day talk. Although kabary is spoken solely in the Malagasy language, learning their language will help to understand their culture better and to break misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the cultural customs. (Harman 2002) Nevertheless there are also negative moments connected with language and cross-cultural communication. Although developing of international slang may make the process of cross-cultural communication easier, many countries prefer to stomp out foreign slang considering it â€Å"steals† originality of the native language. For example, Russian government thinks that introducing of international slang, especially English words, may result in serious corrupting their native language. However, the language in communication makes people understand better and introducing of international words may be considered a right action. The negative moment is that very often such international elements can replace native words or even may have no equivalents. For example, lexical interlopers are something new to Russian language: democratic politics, business, banking, holding, etc. and such words as broker, sponsor, chizburger, fax have no equal equivalents in Russian language. (Weir 2002) Language has to be preserved as it is the embodiment of human vision and language varieties are able to provide unparalleled insights into the process of cross-cultural communication. Language is human experience and perception exposed to be the main tool across cultures. (Thucus-Dubrow 2002) References Managing Communications. (1996, August). Peace Watch, 2, 5, 1-2. Thucus-Dubrow, Rebecca. (2002, April 25). World’s Languages Are Fast Disappearing. Retrieved September, 22, from http://www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/cultural/2002/0425fast. htm Harman, Danna. (2002, May 9). In Kabary the Point is to Avoid the Point. Retrieved September, 22, from http://www. csmonitor. com/2002/0509/p01s04-woaf. html Weir, Fred. (2002, June 4). Russian Lawmakers Try to Stomp out Foreign Slang. Retrieved September, 22, from http://www. csmonitor. com/2002/0604/p14s01-lepr. html